Under the documentary evidence rules, a duplicate is defined as which of the following?

Under the documentary evidence rules, a duplicate is defined as which of the following?

• A. An identical machine copy.
• B. A handwritten copy.
• C. An oral restatement.
• D. An unofficial copy.

Answer: (A)

Under the documentary evidence rules, a duplicate means an identical copy of the original that is produced by the same impression or from the same matrix, typically created by a machine. That is why a photocopy, a scanned image, or any other machine-made copy that preserves the exact information of the original fits the definition. A handwritten copy isn’t a duplicate because it’s produced by hand, not by the original machine process, so it may not reproduce the original information with exact fidelity. An oral restatement isn’t even a written document, so it cannot be a duplicate of the original written record. An unofficial copy lacks the standardized, machine-made replication process and is not considered a proper duplicate.

Under the documentary evidence rules, a duplicate means an identical copy of the original that is produced by the same impression or from the same matrix, typically created by a machine. That is why a photocopy, a scanned image, or any other machine-made copy that preserves the exact information of the original fits the definition.

A handwritten copy isn’t a duplicate because it’s produced by hand, not by the original machine process, so it may not reproduce the original information with exact fidelity. An oral restatement isn’t even a written document, so it cannot be a duplicate of the original written record. An unofficial copy lacks the standardized, machine-made replication process and is not considered a proper duplicate.